The Indian regulatory system is considered by many national and international experts as one of the most robust regulatory systems in the world. As a subscriber, you are not only a beneficiary of our work but also its enabler. Among biotech crops, Bt crops such as Bt cotton and Bt corn are already prevalent in many countries. Independent testing labs are currently being set up. The inside of the fruit is hollow and filled with frass resulting into non-marketable fruits. This exemplifies how Bt technology can work as a safe and viable strategy for insect-pest management in brinjal and other potential vegetable crops like cauliflower, cabbage, okra and chilli. [28] Others feel the critical issue is not the safety of the GM technology, but its corporatization[29] and there are claims that India's crop protection industry was a major player in preventing the commercialization of the Bt brinjal. Mahyco licensed and used the cry1Ac gene obtained from Monsanto and two supporting genes (nptII and aad). The trait-wise distribution of these 134 million hectares of biotech crops in 2009 has been as: Keeping track of these developments and convinced with utility of transgenics several public sector and private sector research organizations started working on GM fruit and vegetable crops and the information is summarized in Table 38.5. This paved the way for crop developers and applicants to seek permission for commercial cultivation. There may be small darkened holes surrounded with brownish areas on fruit surface and/or fruit stalk. At least two years have been devoted to actual field trials in 11 select locations. It also sought a "thorough probe" as to how permission was given to commercialise Bt brinjal seed when all evaluation tests were not carried out. The newly hatched larvae prefers to bore directly into the fruits. Attiguppe , Bengaluru - 560040. Another concern often expressed about genetically-modified seeds is that the intellectual property is owned by multinational firms. Bt Brinjal is a transgenic brinjal created out of inserting a gene [Cry 1Ac] from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into Brinjal. Collectively these insect-pests cause substantial crop losses leading to heavy economic losses. It is estimated that FSB causes yield losses of 60-70% even after repeated insecticide sprays. A science-based regulatory system for GM crops has been developed in India with the efforts of MoEF and DBT. d. Periodic revision of biosafety and food safety guidelines and also field trial protocols to ensure foolproof system. Bt Brinjal: Context : Experts have slammed a recent move of the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) giving its greenlight for biosafety research-level-II (BRL-II) field trials for Event 142, a new variety of genetically modified brinjal (Bt brinjal). This new variety of genetically modified brinjal was quietly given approval without any data in the public domain. Seven layers of regulatory committees to keep track of product development. All these specific conditions are met by FSB larvae and therefore they succumb when they feed on Bt brinjal. He added that the US-based corporate company has been trying to introduce the BT variety brinjals to control the market. Res. The state-wise distribution of area, production and productivity of brinjal is listed in Table 38.2. This leads to disruption of digestive processes, paralysis, and subsequent death of the fruit and shoot borer larvae.[3]. Minister Jairam Ramesh therefore rejected the commercialisation of Bt brinjal. The Bt brinjal has been developed to give resistance against lepidopteron insects, in particular the Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis)(FSB). 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Two important lessons were learned from this study, according to Shelton. The toxin expression can be modulated by using tissue-specific promoters, and replaces the use of synthetic pesticides in the environment. Sri Jairam Ramesh). These are responsible for regulating various biosafety, food safety, agronomic evaluation and environmental concerns of biotech crops as shown in Table 38.6. A GM or transgenic crop is a plant that has a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology. The insertion of the gene, along with other genetic elements such as promoters, terminators and an antibiotic resistance marker gene into the brinjal plant is accomplished … It is to lend tolerance to this pest primarily that the Bt Brinjal has been developed.

The paper, based on a 2019 survey of Bt and non-Bt brinjal farmers, is the first to document the economic benefits of the four existing Bt eggplant varieties though the Bangladeshi market chain and their acceptability to farmers and consumers, said Cornell University Prof. Tony Shelton, lead author.

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