And every American-financed move to reinforce Iraq’s civilian infrastructure only makes it easier for the insurgents to operate. Statelessness can arise from legal differences between countries, people renouncing one nationality without having acquired another or even, more simply, from failure to register the birth of a child.

They fell through the safety net of nationhood – and as a result are denied access to the protections the state provides, freedom to travel and, in many cases, basic human rights. Email me at this address if my answer is selected or commented on: Email me if my answer is selected or commented on.

14   Egyptian authorities, for instance, had most likely infiltrated the Facebook group of activists, many of whom were arrested and intimidated.

The state is a burden for them, while statelessness is not only very feasible but also a source of enormous power. The effect of these technologies is to facilitate the rise of political movements that are increasingly capable of playing a strategic role in international relations. An extremist individual in one state or one region was unable to participate in a larger group unless he physically joined it. It is very easy to participate in a virtual group, and the main barriers are the availability of the technology and the ability to understand the language used. By analogy, the international scene may be characterized by a few states but many small, stateless actors — the long tail of international relations. It was later adopted and popularized by Scottish scholars such as David McCrone, Michael Keating and T. M.

Achieving it will mean the world’s stateless people finally have somewhere to belong. Indira Goris is director of administration with the Open Society Justice Initiative.


Indira Goris is program officer, Sebastian Kőhn is program assistant, and Julia Harrington is senior legal officer for the Equality and Citizenship Program at the Open Society Justice Initiative. The Rapa Nui Parliament is a pro-independence organisation, This page was last edited on 11 October 2020, at 06:19. The state is no longer the be-all and end-all, and many modern groups prefer to disrupt rather than control political and administrative activities. Many countries around the world still do not have gender-neutral citizenship laws; in the worst cases, women lose their citizenship upon marriage to foreigners, and are unable to pass on their citizenship to their children. Of the 192 member states of the United Nations in 2006, fewer than 20 are nation-states. 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 15, 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 24, 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 7. The technologies mentioned above allow the formation of groups that are held together by an often very narrow concern (ranging from worries about carbon footprints to human rights to anti-American sentiments, etc.). Statelessness was famously described by Hannah Arendt (2004) as the loss of citizenship or the loss of the right to have rights (see also Somers, 2008;Shachar, 2014). The symbiotic relationship between nations and states arose in early modern Western Europe (18th century) and it was exported to the rest of the world through colonial rule. Unlike the Refugee Convention, however, the two Statelessness Conventions have not been widely ratified.

In the European Union (EU), for example, stateless people, like other non-citizens, typically are not able to vote and may be barred from certain public sector jobs. Enshrining the effective link principle in international human rights law could oblige states to grant citizenship to individuals who have fallen through the cracks of jus soli and jus sanguinis regimes.
In fact, statelessness has become increasingly feasible and desirable in order to pursue a broad spectrum of objectives. The meeting lasted more than two hours and focused on enhancing the cooperation between the two nations in a regional and European level.

Seen in this light, choosing to become stateless seems more like an act that speaks of privilege more than anything else. 11   Audrey Kurth Cronin, “Cyber-Mobilization: The New Levée en Masse,” Parameters (Summer 2006); Timothy L. Thomas, “Cyber Mobilization: A Growing Counterinsurgency Campaign,” IOSphere (Summer 2006), available at http://leav-www.army.mil/fmso/documents/cyber-mobilization.pdf, 12   See also, Madeleine Gruen, “Online social networks expand a sense of community among members and supporters of extremists groups” (June 9, 2008), available at http://counterterrorismblog.org/2008/06/online_social_networks_expand.php, 13   Chris Anderson, “The Long Tail,” Wired, 12:10 (October 2004), available at http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.10/tail.html. Available as a pdf at www.unhcr.org/home/PUBL/3d4ab67f4.pdf. The proliferation of weapons and dual-use technologies challenges the monopoly of violence of states by allowing individuals or small bands of people to present serious security and strategic challenges. But only 3.5 million have been officially counted, across 80 countries. The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra, Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña, Unincorporated territory of the United States, National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, List of active autonomist and secessionist movements, List of unrecognized tribes in the United States, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, "Stateless in Europe: 'We are no people with no nation, "Europe's Stateless Nations in the Era of Globalization, The Case for Catalonia's Secession by Josep Desquens", "Catalan delegates in solidarity visit to Scotland's independence movement", "EFA brings stateless nations even closer", http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ulfa.htm, "About Uyghurs | Uyghur American Association", https://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/palestine/shiblak.pdf, "Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España", "Eurominority – La solidarité avec le peuple palestinien", "La Sardegna nel club delle nazioni: un capitolo nella Bibbia dell'etnie del mondo – Cronaca – L'Unione Sarda.it", "The Institute for European Studies, Ethnological institute of UW", "Kaschuben heute: Kultur-Sprache-Identität", "Crimean Tatars' want autonomy after Russia's seizure of peninsula", "Sakha (Yakutia) Since the Fall of the Soviet Union", "Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee (SIBLAC) :: Welcome", "Итоги переписи населения Таджикистана 2000 года: национальный, возрастной, половой, семейный и образовательный составы", "Easter Island issues Chile with independence threat", "Slow-Burning Rebellion Against Chile on Easter Island", "Independence in Europe: Secession, Sovereignty, and the European Union", United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stateless_nation&oldid=982925944, Articles that may contain original research from December 2018, All articles that may contain original research, Articles needing additional references from October 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles lacking reliable references from January 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from, Seeks greater regional autonomy for natives of. Moreover, modern means of communications connect individuals and small groups that until now had limited contact or even knowledge of each other.

Stateless people may also encounter travel restrictions, social exclusion, and heightened vulnerability to sexual and physical violence, exploitation, trafficking in persons, forcible displacement, and other abuses.

As it is, Hezbollah can fade away when necessary, leaving Israel to choose whether to punish the country of Lebanon and its people or try to find the concealed and dispersed Hezbollah fighters. Even today, there are active autonomy and independence movements around the world.

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