Access to society journal content varies across our titles. The e-mail addresses that you supply to use this service will not be used for any other purpose without your consent. Genetic control of B cell activation by bacterial lipoploysaccharide is mediated by multiple distinct genes or allies, Murine p53 intron sequences 5-8 and their use in polymerase chain reaction/direct sequencing analysis of p53 mutations in CD-1 mouse liver and lung tumors, Oral administration of DMVC in TG.AC mice induces v-Ha-ras transgene expression in forestomach, Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene: Clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis, Deletion of a DNA polymerase b gene segment in T cells using cell type-specific gene targeting, Transgenic mice as probes into complex systems, Association of tumor development with increased cellular proliferation and transgene overexpression, but not c-Ha-ras mutations, in v-Ha-ras transgenic Tg.AC mice, Dietary Restriction: Implications for the Design and Interpretation of Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Studies, Spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis in p53-deficient mice, Genetic background alters the spectrum of tumors that develop in p53-deficient mice, A mutant p53 transgene accelerates tumour, development in heterozygous but not nullizygous p53-deficient mice, Data analysis: Statistical analysis and use of historical control data, Point mutations of the C-H-ras gene in spontaneous liver tumors of transgenic mice carrying the human C-H-ras gene, Characterization of p53 mutations in methylene chloride-induced lung tumors from B6C3F1 mice, Cold SSCP: A simple, rapid and non-radioactive method for optimized single-strand conformation polymorphism analyses, Calorie restriction delays spontaneous tumorigenesis in p53-knockout transgenic mice, Technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use, Draft guideline on testing for carcinogenicity of pharmaceuticals; notice, Guidance on testing for carcinogenicity of pharmaceuticals, Tumor spectrum analysis in p53-mutant mice, A distribution-free K sample test against ordered alternatives, Allelotype analysis of mouse skin tumors using polymorphic microsatellites: Sequential genetic alterations on chromosomes 6, 7, and 11, p53 mutations are absent from carcinogen-induced mouse liver tumors but occur in cell lines established from these tumors, The role of DNA methylation in cancer genetics and epigenetics, v-Ha-ras transgene abrogates the initiation step in mouse skin tumorigenesis: Effects of phorbol esters and retinoic acid, DNA damage, oncogenesis and the p53 tumour-suppressor gene, Spontaneous and chemically induced proliferative lesions in Tg.AC transgenic and p53-heterozygous mice, Activation of the Ki-ras gene in spontaneous and chemically-induced lung tumors in CD-1 mice, Activation of the Ha-, Ki-, and N-ras genes in chemically induced liver tumors from CD-1 mice, Stochastic modelling of tumorigenesis in p53 deficient mice, The contribution of the mouse in hazard identification studies, Carcinogenic properties of pharmaceutical agents evaluated in the IARC Monographs programme, Transgenic mice as models for tumorigenesis, Transgenic animal models for measuring mutation in vivo, Pathological features of spontaneous and induced tumors in transgenic mice carrying a human prototype c-Ha-ras gene used for six-month carcinogenicity studies, The production and verification of transgenic mouse lines, Utility of two rodent species: Some arguments for and against, Mutation and cancer: A model for human carcinogenesis, Two-event model for carcinogenesis: Biological, mathematical, and statistical considerations, Cell proliferation and carcinogenesis models: General principles with illustrations from the rodent liver system, Genetic alterations cooperate with v-Ha-ras to accelerate multistage carcinogenesis in TG.AC transgenic mouse skin, Pathology and molecular biology of spontaneous neoplasms occurring in transgenic mice carrying and expressing activated cellular oncogenes, Two genes abrogate the inhibition of murine hepatocarcinogenesis by ovarian hormones, Tumour incidence, spectrum and ploidy in mice with a large deletion in the p53 gene, Susceptibility of 129/SvEv mice in two-stage carcinogenesis protocols to 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotion, Xeroderma pigmentosum. (A) The construct used to generate the transgenic mice is shown.Details are described in ().

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Stable long term germ-line transmission of transgene integration sites in mice, A critical appraisal of the value of the mouse cancer bioassay in safety assessment, Complementation tagging of cooperating oncogenes in knockout mice, Myc-Max-Mad: A transcription factor network controlling cell cycle progression, differentiation and death, Chemically induced forestomach papillomas in transgenic mice carry mutant human c-Ha-ras transgenes, Relative susceptibilities of XPA knockout mice and their heterzygous and wild-type littermates to UVB-induced skin cancer, Dermal carcinogenicity in transgenic mice: Relative responsiveness of male and female hemizygous and homozygous Tg.AC mice to 12-o-tetra decanoylphorbol, 13-acetate (TPA), and benzene, Elevated frequencies of benzo(a)pyrene-induced Hprt mutations in internal tissue of XPA-deficient mice, Rodent carcinogenicity bioassay: Past, present and future, Introduction: Mutant mice in cancer research, Targeting the mouse genome: A compendium of knockouts (part I), Targeting the mouse genome: A compendium of knockouts (part II), Targeting the mouse genome: A compendium of knockouts (part III), Kinetics of wound induced v-Ha-ras transgene expression and papilloma development in transgenic Tg.AC mice, Induction of transgene expression in Tg.AC (v-Ha-ras) transgenic mice concomitant with DNA hypomethylation, Multiple tumor types appear in a transgenic mouse with the ras oncogene, Defective DNA repair replication of DNA in xeroderma pigmentosum, Xerdoman pigmentosum: A human disease in which an initial stage of DNA replication repair is defective, The rodent carcinogenicity bioassay produces a similar frequency of tumor increases and decreases: Implications for risk assessment, v-Ha-ras gene epression in liver and kidney of transgenic Tg.AC mice following chemically induced tissue injury, Role of ras protooncogene activation in the formation of spontaneous and nitrosamine-induced lung tumors in the resistant C3H mouse, Induction of DNA adducts and mutations in spleen, liver and lung of XPAdeficient/lacZ transgenic mice after oral treatment with benzo[a]pyrene: Correlation with tumour development, Spontaneous liver tumors and benzo[a]pyrene-induced lymphomas in XPA-deficient mice, Increased susceptibility to ultraviolet-B and carcinogens of mice lacking the DNA excision repair gene XPA, Effects of genetic background on tumorigenesis in p53-deficient mice, The p53-deficient mouse: A model for basic and applied cancer studies, The role of p53 loss in genomic instability and tumor progression in a murine mammary cancer model, Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumors, Genetic control of hepatocarcinogenesis in C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ inbred mice, Phenolphthalein induces thymic lymphomas accompanied by loss of the p53 wild type allele in heterozygous p53-deficient (+/-) mice, Modeling tumor onset and multiplicity using transition models with latent variables, The National Toxicology Program evaluation of genetically altered mice as predictive models for identifying carcinogens, Carcinogenic responses of transgenic heterozygous p53 knockout mice to inhaled 239PuO2 or metallic beryllium, Mutational analysis of the H-ras oncogene in spontaneous C57BL/6 X C3H/He mouse liver tumors and tumors induced with genotoxic and non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens, The morphology, immunohistochemistry, and incidence of hematopoietic neoplasms in mice and rats, Morphologic classification and correlation of incidence of hyperplastic and neoplastic hematopoietic lesions in mice with age.
Advantages of Transgenic Animals: (a) Gene requires certain cellular mechanism to help for the production of protein. Transgenic animals raise a particularly difficult problem.

Evidence for a confounding nonresponder phenotype, Odontogenic tumours in the v-Ha-ras (Tg.AG) transgenic mouse, Rapid carcinogenicity testing system with transgenic mice harboring human prototype c-H-ras gene, Rapid induction of more malignant tumors by various genotoxic carcinogens in transgenic mice harboring a human prototype c-Ha-ras gene than in control non-transgenic mice, Validation of transgenic mice carrying the human prototype c-Ha-ras gene as a bioassay model for rapid carcinogenicity testing, Activation of the K-ras protooncogenes in spontaneously occurring and chemically induced lung tumors of the strain A mouse, Strain dependency of b and T lymphoma development in immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer (Em)-myc transgenic mice, Review Article: Use of Transgenic Animals for Carcinogenicity Testing: Considerations and Implications for Risk Assessment, https://doi.org/10.1177/019262330002800320, http://www.informatics.jax.org/strains/mouse, http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/htdocs/liason/factsheets/TGAnml.html. Mutation and loss of the p53 wild type allele is carcinogen dependent in heterozygous p53(+/-) mice. JAX, Bioassay design and MTD setting: Old methods and new approaches, Analysis of ras gene mutations in human hepatic malignant tumors by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing, FVB/N: An inbred mouse strain preferable for transgenic analysis, Identifying chemical carcinogens and assessing potential risk in short-term bioassays using transgenic mouse models, Evaluation of transgenic mouse bioassays for identifying carcinogens and noncarcinogens, International Agency for Research on Cancer, An evaluation of the hemizygous transgenic Tg.AC mouse for carcinogenicity testing of pharmaceuticals. Thus mouse provides an excellent model for studying cancer. Newspaper articles about the ethical problems of genetically engineered animals are … Salmon Is the First Transgenic Animal to Win U.S. Approval for Food Long-awaited decision authorizes a genetically engineered animal to grace … Advantages of Transgenic Animals 2. It has been suggested that such animals might be used for routine testing of chemicals to determine their carcinogenic potential because the animals may be mechanistically relevant for understanding and predicting the human response to exposure to the chemical being tested. Transgenic Research focusses on transgenic and genome edited higher organisms. Transgenic animals have given great benefit to the field of biotechnology especially the fields of agriculture; industry and medicine have taken advantage of these animals a lot. (, Dunnick JK , Hardisty JF , Herbert RA , Seely JC , Furedi-Machacek EM , Foley JF , Lacks GD , Stasiewicz S. , French JE (, Eastin WC , Haseman JK , Mahler JF , Bucher JR (, Finch GL , March TH , Hahn FF Barr EB , Belinsky SA , Hoover MD , Lechner JF , Nikula KJ , Hobbs CH (, Fox TR , Schumann AM , Watanabe PG , Yano BL , Maher VM (. Lean Library can solve it. K. Shankar, H.M. Mehendale, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014. Transgenic animals have actually been used for a long time by pharmaceutical companies — usually to discover new antibodies that were then made into … Figure 1. Transgenic animals are used to study the expression and control of foreign eukaryotic genes. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Exact Statistical Tests on Comparing Tumor Incidence Trend in Transgen... Aigner B. , Fleischman M. , Muller M. , Brem G. (, Alden CL , Smith PF , Piper CE , Brej L. (, Ando K. , Saitoh A. , Hino O. , Takahashi R. , Kimura M. , Katsuki M. (, Berg RJ , de Vries A. , van Steeg H. , de Gruiji FR (, Blanchard KT , Ball DJ , Holden HE , Furst SM , Stoltz JH , Stoll RE (, Bol SA , van Steeg H. , Jansen JG , van Oostrom C. , de Vries A. , de Groot AJ , Tates AD , Brieling H. , van Zeeland AA , Mullenders LH (, Cannon RE , Spalding JW , Trempus CS , Szczesniak CJ , Virgil KM , Humble MC , Tennant RW (, Cannon RE , Spalding JW , Virgil KM , Faircloth RS , Humble MC , Lacks GD , Tennant RW (, Cardiff RD , Leder A. , Kuo A. , Pattengate PK , Leder P. (, Devereux TR , Anderson MW , Belinsky SA (, de Vries A. , Dolle ME , Broekhof JL , Muller JJ , Kroese ED , van Kreij1 CF , Capel PH , Vijg J. , van Steeg H. (, de Vries A. , van Oostrom CT , Dortant PM , Beems RB , van Kreijl CF , Capel PJ , van Steeg H. (, de Vries A. , van Oostrom Ctm , Hofhius Fma , Dortant PM , Berg Fjw , de Gruijl FR , Wester PW , van Kreijl CF , Capel Pja , van Steeg H. , Verbeek SJ (, Donehower LA , Harvey M. , Vogel H. , McArthur MJ , Montgomery CA Jr , Park SH , Thompson T. , Ford RJ , Bradley A.

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