141, 18 Stat. English thesaurus is mainly derived from The Integral Dictionary (TID). The law was named after its sponsor, Representative Horace F. Page, a Republican who introduced to "end the danger of cheap Chinese labor and immoral Chinese women". A windows (pop-into) of information (full-content of Sensagent) triggered by double-clicking any word on your webpage. Shop 2-4 Page Place, Page ACT 2614 Phone 02 62547969 Opening hours Monday – Saturday: 9am – 8pm Sunday: 10am – 6pm . [34] Yet, this is difficult to conclusively prove, especially since Peffer himself noted that the cost of immigration as well as possible bribes paid to American consuls would have created a greater hardship for the "wives of immigrants who possessed limited resources, than for the wealthy tongs" who sent prostitutes to the U.S.[35] Therefore, although the Chinese Exclusion Act was extremely important in transforming the Chinese into a "declining immigrant group, it was the Page Law that exacerbated the problem of life without families in America's Chinatowns". The Page Act of 1875 (Sect. 0000001746 00000 n [34], Factors that influenced the creation of the Page Act. The Page Act was supposed to strengthen the ban against "coolie" laborers, by imposing a fine of up to $2,000 and maximum jail sentence of one year upon anyone who tried to bring a person from China, Japan, or any East Asian country to the United States "without their free and voluntary consent, for the purpose of holding them to a term of service". The English word games are: 28 11 [23] The entire process was “shaped by the larger, explicitly racist assumption” that Chinese women, like Chinese men were dishonest. Advanced Mapping Suburb History. Do you wish of your own free and voluntary will to go to the United States? The Page Act of 1875 (Sect. Do you know that you are at liberty now to go to the United States, or remain in your own country, and that you cannot be forced to go away from your home? [9] Enforcement of the Page Act resulted not only in the reduction of prostitutes but also the “virtually complete exclusion of Chinese women from the United States”. [24] The entire process was "shaped by the larger, explicit assumption" that Chinese women, like Chinese men were dishonest. 38 0 obj <>stream "[26] Bodily clues used to examine Chinese women included bound feet, “prettiness, youth, demeanor,” and how they walked. Company Information [14] As a result, the Page Law responded to “what were believed to be serious threats to white values, lives, and futures". Email address. %PDF-1.4 %âãÏÓ The first year that Bailey was assigned to differentiate wives from prostitutes he did not yet have the assistance of the Tung Wah Hospital Committee, and 173 women were allowed to sail to California, he was disappointed with that figure and granted only 77 women passage in 1877. "[30], Most Chinese women who immigrated to the U.S. in the 1860s and the 1870s were "second wives, concubines in polygamous marriages, or prostitutes," but not all Chinese women worked as prostitutes. "[1] The law classified as "undesirable" any individual from Asia who was coming to America to be a contract laborer, any Asian woman who would engage in prostitution, and all people considered to be convicts in their own country. What is to be your occupation there? Finding the right workers to fill vacant positions can be a challenge. 28 0 obj <> endobj Browse properties and real estate for sale in Page (ACT 2614). [11] Therefore, the number of immigrants (majority male) entering the U.S. from China during the Page Act's enforcement "exceeded the total for any other seven year period, before passage of the Exclusion Act in 1882, by at least thirteen thousand," but the female population dropped from 6.4% in 1870 to 4.6% in 1880. What are you going to the United States for? [18] Also, a list of the potential emigrants was sent to the government in Hong Kong for investigation. CHAP. ○   Anagrams Lettris is a curious tetris-clone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content. [27] However, the task of differentiating "real" wives from prostitutes was virtually impossible. [31] Therefore, Chinese were unable to create families within the U.S.[31] The Page Act was so successful in preventing Chinese women from immigration and consequently keeping the ratio of females to males low that the law "paradoxically encouraged the very vice it purported to be fighting: prostitution.

Effects on Chinese families and future immigrants to the U.S. Abrams, Kerry, “Polygamy, Prostitution, and the Federalization of Immigration Law,” Colombia Law Review 105.3 (Apr. Most English definitions are provided by WordNet . All rights reserved. 141, 18 Stat.  |  [24] Also, “the appearance of the body and clothing supposedly offered a range of possible clues about inner character, on which some officials drew when trying to differentiate prostitutes from real wives. 477, 1873-March 1875) was the first federal immigration law and prohibited the entry of immigrants considered "undesirable." ○   Boggle. [16] However, the Page Law sailed through Congress without any expressed concerns of having a federal law that racially restricted immigration or violated the Burlingame Treaty of 1868 (which allowed free migration and emigration of Chinese people) because Americans were focused on protecting the social ideals of marriage and morality.[17]. The SensagentBox are offered by sensAgent. [18] Before a Chinese woman could immigrate to the United States she had to submit "an official declaration of purpose in emigration and personal morality statement, accompanied by an application for clearance and a fee to the American Consul". Laws specifically directed at Chinese women immigrants were created even though prostitution was fairly common in the American West among many nationalities. [2] The Page Act was supposed to strengthen the ban against “coolie” laborers, by imposing a fine of up to $2,000 and maximum jail sentence of one year upon anyone who tried to bring a person from China, Japan, or any oriental country to the United States “without their free and voluntary consent, for the purpose of holding them to a term of service”. [10] Since all Chinese women were held in extreme submission by Chinese men, some immigration officials did not accept the Chinese culture (which considered the ownership and sexual exploitation of women to be a norm) and they were unable to distinguish between free women and exploited women. "[27] Bodily clues used to examine Chinese women included bound feet, "prettiness, youth, demeanor," and how they walked. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer). [28] However, the task of differentiating "real" wives from prostitutes was virtually impossible. 477 (1873-March 1875). [29] Men, on the other hand, faced more lenient restriction practices and were not required to "carry photographs, nor to match photographs that had been sent in advance to San Francisco Port authorities. Enter your details below to subscribe to our email newsletter.

[11] An additional concern was that the children of Chinese couples would become U.S. citizens under the Fourteenth Amendment and their cultural practices would become a part of American democracy. [4], Only the ban on female East Asian immigrants was effectively and heavily enforced and proved to be a barrier for all East Asian women trying to immigrate, especially Chinese women.

PAGE Postcode (ACT) Page is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory and is about 9 kms west-northwest of ACT's capital city of Canberra. The Page Act of 1875 (Sect. The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act would go on to ban immigration by Chinese men as well. Name. [5] The California State Legislature assumed that Chinese men were forced to work under long-term service contracts, when in reality immigrants to America were not coolies, but borrowed money from brokers for their trip and paid the money back plus interest through work at their first job. Thank you for your patience as we continue to navigate the COVID-19 pandemic. [20] In 1878, under the authority of American consul Sheldon Loring, 354 women arrived in the U.S. which was a substantial amount compared to John S. Mosby’s grant of less than 200 women to be sent to the U.S. from 1879-1882. Have you engaged in prostitution in either of the above places? [33] According to historian George Peffer, “all the evidence suggests that the women who survived this ordeal were most likely the wives of Chinese laborers” because they would have possessed the determination needed to endure the questioning, while importers of prostitutes “might have been reluctant to risk prosecution”. View the latest listings and find your ideal property on Allhomes.com.au [22] If women changed their answers to the questions, did not match their pictures, or had incomplete paperwork, they could be detained, and sent back to Hong Kong. George Anthony Peffer, “Forbidden Families: Emigration Experiences of Chinese Women Under the Page Law, 1875-1882,” Journal of American Ethnic History 6.1 (Fall 1986): 28-46. p.28. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That in determining whether the immigration of any subject of 0000000712 00000 n [30] In 1882 alone, during the few months before the enactment of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the beginning of its enforcement, 39,579 Chinese entered the U.S., and only 136 of them were women. 141.-An act supplementary to the acts in relation to immigration. [12] California state laws could not exclude women for being Chinese, so they were crafted as regulations of public morals, yet the laws were still struck down as “impermissible encroachment on federal immigration power".

Effects on Chinese families and future immigrants to the U.S. An Act Supplementary to the Acts in Relation to Immigration (Page Law) sect. [23] As a result, from 1875-1882 at least one hundred and possibly several hundred women were returned to China. Choose the design that fits your site. 0000002202 00000 n [10] Enforcement of the Page Act resulted not only in fewer prostitutes but also the "virtually complete exclusion of Chinese women from the United States". The American consul in Hong Kong from 1875–1877, David H. Bailey, was put in charge of regulating which Chinese women were actual wives of laborers, allowed to travel to the United States, as opposed to prostitutes. [1] The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act would go on to ban immigration by Chinese men as well. [19] The declaration was then sent to the Tung Wah Hospital Committee who would do a careful examination and then report back to Bailey about the character of each woman. [24], Photographs were used as a means to identify the Chinese women through each stage of the examination process in order to ensure that unqualified women would not be substituted for a woman who was properly questioned at any point in time. [19] He would ask the women the same questions in an effort to catch liars, but if the women were approved they were then allowed to board the steamer to America. What is to be your occupation there? 0000001152 00000 n Are you married or single? "Polygamy, Prostitution, and the Federalization of Immigration Law", "Ulysses S. Grant: Seventh Annual Message December 7, 1875", "How Trump's 'Shithole Countries' Comment Echoes a Century of American Immigration Policy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Page_Act_of_1875&oldid=975504126, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. While this is being done I invite the attention of Congress to another, though perhaps no less an evil--the importation of Chinese women, but few of whom are brought to our shores to pursue honorable or useful occupations. [6], In 1875, President Ulysses Grant delivered a Seventh Annual Message to the United States Senate and House of Representatives.

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