Germ line transmission of gametes derived from genetically modified embryo cells has not been described. Given the current world situation, we will give authors as much time as they need to submit revised manuscripts. Live imaging was performed in ovo using a custom-made egg incubator designed for live observation as described in quailDB (http://quailnet.geneticsandbioinformatics.eu/). (H–J) E7 transgenic embryo showing muscle-specific expression of the transgene in the head, limbs and trunk. D. Viral-Mediated Transgenesis.

Both approaches have been applied successfully to chicken (Nishijima and Iijima, 2013). As no reliable technique for the culture of quail PGCs has yet been described, transgenesis in this species has mainly relied on the infection of blastoderm stage embryos (or circulating Zhang et al., 2012) with lentiviruses carrying fluorescent markers under ubiquitous or tissue-specific promoters, leading in recent years to the generation of a few quail lines: ubiquitous (Huss et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2012); neuronal (Scott and Lois, 2005; Seidl et al., 2013; adipose Ahn et al., 2015; intestinal Woodfint et al., 2017; endothelial Sato et al., 2010). Insertion of Tol2 (T2) transposable elements in constructs allows the efficient and stable integration of foreign DNA into the genome of transfected PGCs in the presence of exogenously provided transposase protein. In order to extend this to a real community resource it will be critical to know how it is going to be maintained and updated in the longer term. Contributions are fully tax-deductible. Many organisms in nature have evolved mechanisms to tolerate severe hypoxia or ischemia, including the hibernation-capable Arctic ground squirrel (AGS). As explained in the text, there are other advantages of the plasmid technique over the virus approach that make this technique attractive for specific applications. Immunostaining on cross-sections of E3 transgenic embryos showed a ubiquitous expression of the GFP at the cell membrane and of mCherry in nuclei (Figure 1I–K). Indeed, all too often it seems that the research potential of a new molecular technique is overshadowed by its oh-so-exciting clinical applications. However, they point out areas in which the manuscript would require further information and clarification, all of which I believe can be achieved by textual changes. More details about the technique have been added to the text. ScienceBlogs is a registered trademark of Science 2.0, a science media nonprofit operating under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Six weeks later, we collected semen from adult males and tested by PCR for the presence of the transgene. The direct injection technique is performed as described in Tyack et al., 2013. Article citation count generated by polling the highest count across the following sources: Crossref, PubMed Central, Scopus. At least, this is the model you are using."

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2004.05.012. MQTF was supported by Faculty Strategic Grants Schemes from Monash University to OS and CM.

Vitamins in chicken meat. (A) Two-week-old WT and transgenic quails showing the ubiquitous expression of the green fluorescent Kaede in the beak and eye (arrows). in vivo electroporation, lipophilic dye labeling) that, combined with high-end imaging technologies (e.g. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109, 9337–9341 (2012). We designed a muscle-specific promoter, based on a synthetic reporter derived from the MLC1F/3F gene regulatory sequences previously utilized for mouse transgenesis (3F-nlacZ-E; Kelly et al., 1995). Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Interestingly, in both cases the gene inserted into the mouse was a human gene, though the method was different and the question was different:

In the paper, several transgenic lines are generated including a nuclear RFP + membrane GFP double transgenic, a photoconvertible Kaede line for cell tracing, and a reporter for muscle. The website is currently under a development phase and it is hoped that it will evolve as the technology spreads within the community. I refer you to the complete reviews below for details. Please contact Dr. Richardson (robert.bryson-richardson@monash.edu) for updates or modifications to the website. It revolves around you and has been doing so for decades. The Earth does not revolve around the Sun. Although hypoxic or ischemia tolerance in AGS involves physiological adaptations, little is known about the critical cellular mechanisms underlying intrinsic AGS cell resilience to metabolic stress. The website has been designed in two parts: (i) a publicly accessible part (the website) and (ii) a section restricted to administrators and resource providers. Insulin in chicken eggs. Avian transgenesis is so much more difficult than in mammals or Xenopus. In general, the manuscript is well written and clearly presented with beautiful and meaningful images and videos. etc.

Here, we report on the fastest evolving cell fate among vulva precursor cells in Caenorhabditis nematodes, that of P3.p. head, trunk and limb) skeletal muscles of the developing embryo (Figure 4I–N). ScienceBlogs is where scientists communicate directly with the public. The stainless- steel cup is then placed on a heat pad, which maintains the temperature of the embryo at 38°C. This is now indicated in the Materials and methods section. By E3 (HH20), PGCs actively migrate back in the embryo and into the gonad anlagen (Nakamura et al., 2007; Nieuwkoop and Sutasurya, 1979). A new species of "albino" trapdoor spiders has been discovered in Australia. The zygote is very difficult to access as it initiates its development internally, in the hen's oviduct and on a large yolk.

We find that these positions do not present any characteristics of a high mutation rate, are scattered across the genome and the corresponding genes belong to distinct biological pathways. The following antibodies were used: anti-GFP chicken polyclonal (Abcam), anti-RFP mouse IgG1 monoclonal (Abcam), anti HNK1 mouse IgM monoclonal (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank). Embryos were imaged using a Leica Thunder Imager Model Organism (Videos 1 and 2) or under a Leica SP8 confocal upright (Videos 3 and 4). (B) List of quail strains together with a general description by country. We have not tested the actual number of copies in the genome of our founders, but the transmission of the transgene to the offspring in each of the quail lines indicates that the transgenes are present in one copy. For instance, adenovirus mediated CRISPR/Cas9 mediated deletion has a transmission between 2.5 to 10% in a recent article by Lee et al., 2019, or in another recent lentivirus generated line, Ubiquitous expression of membrane tethered EGFP generated by one of the labs in the manuscript, rendered a transmission of 8% (Saadaoui et al., 2020). Finally the paper reports a set of online resources integrated with other existing databases, including a repository of available transgenic lines, a genome browser and other features.

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