Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. It can be more effectively estimated using process-based soil erosion models. [citation needed]. Gullies can be formed or enlarged by a number of human activities. Gully depth is often limited by the depth of the underlying rock which means gullies are normally less than 2m deep. Revegetated sidewalls and surrounding areas with trees and grasses. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128152263000132, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128129425000148, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128152263000302, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123747396001561, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444532602100134, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123747396003274, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444531995001081, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0123485304002496, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124095489090102, Spatial Modeling in GIS and R for Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2019, Spatial Modeling of Gully Erosion Using Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analyses in GIS and R, Alireza Arabameri, Hamid Reza Pourghasemi, in, Spatial Modeling in GIS and R for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Small-Format Aerial Photography and UAS Imagery (Second Edition), Rowntree, 1991; Oygarden, 2003; Cheng et al., 2007; Capra et al., 2009, The most areally extensive form of peatland erosion is, Bower, 1961; Coupar et al., 1997; Cooper and Loftus, 1998; McHugh et al., 2002; Evans and Warburton, 2007, In many parts of the world, extensive sheet wash and, Terrace systems are highly effective at preventing excessive rill erosion, eliminating ephemeral, Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Although soil erosion is a natural process, human activities such as deforestation, unsustainable agriculture, and clearing of vegetation cover increase the rate of erosion by 10-40 times. However, the CART and ensemble of both models represent more appropriate results for gully erosion susceptibility assessment (Fig. Well-structured soils are less prone to break up, and the impact of raindrops is minimised if the soil surface is protected by plant or litter cover. In fact, if rills are not addressed, they will grow into larger gullies. The GESMs (CART, GLM, and CART–GLM) represents the low to very high susceptibility of a gully erosion occurrence. It originates from the French word goulet, a diminutive form of goule which means throat. Science 295, 110–113. Formation and consequences. Reported rates of erosion of bare peat surfaces measured by erosion pins, D. Molden, ... D. Peden, in Treatise on Water Science, 2011. Changes in land cover affect evapotranspiration and ultimately impact the hydrologic cycle. Artificial gullies are formed during hydraulic mining when jets or streams of water are projected onto soft alluvial deposits to extract gold or tin ore. "Formation of recent martian gullies through melting of extensive water-rich snow deposits.". Significant conditions that could lead to flowslides include the following: Saturation of the stockpile base due to the infiltration of heavy rainfall, leading to the potential of a deep-seated slip; Redistribution of moisture within the coal at placement (there is a threshold moisture content below which no saturated zone develops); Loosely stacked coal (prone to structural instability); Particle size distribution (migration of fine coal particles under the influence of water flow causes local water saturation and reduction in shear strength). Vegetation. Terms of Service apply. Different forms of mass movement include: During periods of prolonged and heavy rainfall, water entering permeable soils can be stopped by a barrier such as bedrock or a clay-rich soil horizon. A gully is a landform created by running water, eroding sharply into soil, typically on a hillside. These areas are subjected to high velocity floods that erode soils with insufficient surface cover.

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