Disrupted functional connectivity between sub-regions in the sensorimotor areas and cortex in migraine without aura.

The choice of terms to define the anchors of a scale has also been described as important. A reliability study of the Visual Analogue Scale, the Pain Drawing and the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Description of stable pain in rheumatoid arthritis: a 6 year study, The quality of pain in arthritis: the words patients use to describe overall pain and pain in individual joints at rest and on movement, Pre‐emptive lumbar epidural anesthesia reduces postoperative pain and patient‐controlled morphine consumption after lower abdominal surgery, Determinants of pain severity in knee osteoarthritis: effect of demographic and psychosocial variables using 3 pain measures, Quantifying the pain experience in hip and knee osteoarthritis, Comparison of the sensitivity to change of long and short form pain measures, Osteoarthritis Research Society International, Symptoms and signs in patients with suspected neuropathic pain, Pregabalin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, Morphine, gabapentin, or their combination for neuropathic pain, A randomized controlled clinical trial for low back pain treated by acupressure and physical therapy, Czech version of the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire: restandardization, Development and validation of a brief, descriptive Danish pain questionnaire (BDDPQ), Adaptation and validation of the Iranian version of Angina Pectoris characteristics questionnaire, The development and validation of a Greek version of the short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Reliability and sensitivity measures of the Greek version of the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Nurses' assessment of pain in surgical patients, A Modified Short form McGill Pain Questionnaire for evaluation of post‐operative pain and behavioural response to pain relief, Development and psychometric testing of Korean language versions of 4 neck pain and disability questionnaires, Patient's perception of pain: comparison between Korean‐American and Euro‐American obstetric patients, Development of the Norwegian short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire (NSF‐MPQ), A Swedish version of the short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Thai Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Reliability and validity of the Turkish version short‐form McGill pain questionnaire in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Applicability of the McGill Pain Questionnaire to the differentiation of 'toothache' pain, The Headache Scale: a new approach to the assessment of headache pain based on pain descriptions, “Science” enters the birthing room: obstetrics in America since the eighteenth century, Test‐retest reliability of the Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire: assessment of intraclass correlation coefficients and limits of agreement in patients with osteoarthritis, The Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire as an outcome measure: test‐retest reliability and responsiveness to change, Controlled trial of Japanese acupuncture for chronic myofascial neck pain: assessment of specific and nonspecific effects of treatment, Tramadol/acetaminophen combination tablets for the treatment of chronic lower back pain: a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled outpatient study, Development and initial validation of an expanded and revised version of the Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ‐2), Changes in chronic pain severity over time: the Chronic Pain Grade as a valid measure, The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community, The Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire: validation and reliability in postal research, Reliability and validity of the Italian version of the Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, Graded chronic pain status: an epidemiologic evaluation, Towards a comprehensive assessment of chronic pain patients, Toward an empirically derived taxonomy of chronic pain patients: integration of psychological assessment data, The West Haven‐Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI), Comparative responsiveness of pain outcome measures among primary care patients with musculoskeletal pain.

An 11‐point numeric scale (NRS 11) with 0 representing one pain extreme (e.g., “no pain”) and 10 representing the other pain extreme (e.g., “pain as bad as you can imagine” and “worst pain imaginable”) (20, 21). The effectiveness of foot reflexology in reducing anxiety and duration of labor in primiparas: An open-label randomized controlled trial. Additionally, further research is needed to be able to compare scoring methods and cut points. However, neither measure provides a comprehensive evaluation of pain in patients with rheumatic disease. Regarding face and content validity, items were derived from pre‐existing questionnaires used in large population studies. Examination and characterisation of burst spinal cord stimulation on cerebrospinal fluid cellular and protein constituents in patient responders with chronic neuropathic pain - A Pilot Study. In some studies,horizontal scales are orientated from right to left ,and many investigators use vertical VAS. No scoring guidelines are available for the 2 supplementary items.

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